The Human papillomavirus (HPV) – a common name for a group of viruses that cause a variety of diseases. We have more than 100 kinds. The pathogen spread to all over the world. In order to avoid infection, it is important for you to know is, how is the human papilloma virus.
A what is HPV infection?
HPV infection – the virus of the disease caused by the human papilloma virus. At the moment, in college, out of more than 100 types of the virus. For a long time, scientists have studied the morphology of the pathogen, which has made it possible to determine which of the types of viruses that cause the pathology. Were identified separately, the group of HPV high-risk cancer.
Due to the fact that HPV primarily affects the reproductive system, a lot of attention to the examination of the problems, according to gynecologists. We are talking about what is HPV in gynecology, it is necessary to emphasize the high risk of developing cancer of the cervix. The experts found that the virus directly instead of the 16-th and 18-th types cause the cancer process in a woman's reproductive system.
HPV transmission and infection
HPV is well known for its resistance to environmental factors, so you think you can keep the activity in the environment. This explains the ability of the pathogen to the consumer. However, there is a direct transmission of HPV from the droplets does not occur. We're talking about, how is HPV transmitted from person to person, physicians point to the obligatory presence of a direct contact with the skin and the mucous membrane of a carrier of the virus.
Mode of transmission of HPV varied:
- sex;
- turn-of the household;
- the vertical.
The most common mode of transmission of HPV
For the first time heard of this kind of pathogen, patients often ask the doctor: is it a success when the human papilloma virus, sexually. The doctors say that this method is the most common. According to statistics, about 70% of the people who are sexually active are carriers of HPV. The infection can appear any number of times in my life.
The majority of the men and women who have been infected with HPV after a few months of the start of an active sex life. It should be noted that HPV is often attributed to sexually transmitted infections, but the infection may be while having sex without the penetration. Contact with the genitals of the virus may cause an infection.
The doctors a call, and the modes of transmission of HPV:
- after the kiss;
- during the oral sex.
HPV infection in the home
Some infectious disease experts, focusing on household transmission of HPV. The percentage of the distribution of the virus in this way is small, however, we cannot completely exclude this possibility. The Virus can stay active by hitting the swimming pool to the bath, so an infection is possible, even in places open to the public.
An infection in the home, it passes through the kissing, the use of personal care products, are infected with HPV. In these cases, it may increase the risk of infection:
- the weakening of the body's immune system;
- a violation of the rules of personal hygiene.
The risk of infection with HPV
The probability of HPV infection increases sharply with the beginning of the sexual life. The transmission path, it is considered as the primary. Therefore, the experts identified a number of factors, the presence of which is several times increases the risk of infection:
- early sexual debut;
- the frequent change of sexual partners.
- the neglect of birth control.
It is especially necessary to tell about possibilities of infections in the childhood. In the majority of cases, HPV is transmitted from the mother during delivery. When promoting through the birth canal occurs, the infection to the baby. The kids are easier to transmit an infection, it almost does not occur. In addition, with the advent together with the mother's milk is a ready-made mission observed a spontaneous cure.
How is an HPV infection?
Infection with HPV occurs by direct contact of the lining of the skin and the genitals. During intercourse often have microcracks and damage to the mucous membranes, which not only increases the risk of HPV infection. Although there are some differences in the mechanisms of transmission of the virus to women as well as men.
How is the human papillomavirus in men?
The probability of HPV infection in men is directly dependent on the number of permanent sexual partners. The common promiscuity in several times can increase the likelihood of an infection. In this case, the man is, in most cases, are not aware of the presence of the HPV virus in the body. The result of the spread of the virus continues. 90% of sex occurs, the infection to a partner who was perfectly healthy.
How to be a woman or human papilloma virus?
Ways of being infected by HPV for the women, who did not differ from those of the typical male. In the first place, sex. However, there is a risk of infection for women, and an increase of a few factors.
Among those gynecologists who provide:
- early sexual debut;
- the frequent change of sexual partners.
- abortion;
- traumatic the birth of a child in anamnesis;
- of gynecological diseases.
- stress.
- long-term use of oral contraceptives.
Transfer of the child in the human papilloma virus?
He knew of the presence of HPV in the body, and women planning a pregnancy in the near future, one wonders whether the transmitted human papillomavirus from mother to child. The experts say that there is a risk of infection to the baby is there. However, a child who has only HPV, ways of infection are different from those in adults. The transfer often occurs at the stage of promotion of the fetus through the birth canal: the virus of the mucous membranes of the mother transfers to the child.
It should be noted that the risk of such an infection is low. In the majority of cases, the guy has the body manages to get rid of the HPV in the first 2-3 months of life. This is due to the receipt in the body of the infant antibodies from the mother's milk. The major risk of HPV for toddlers on the respiratory system, damage to the – appearance of polyps. Such cases are rare and are treated more like exceptions to the rule.
HPV how long after exposure?
Learn about how the human papilloma virus, many patients are interested in at the time of the first symptoms. The doctors can't say how fast it manifests after an infection with HPV.
Very important are the following factors:
- the age of the patient;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
- the condition of the body's immune system.
In practice, from the point of view of clinical manifestations of HPV are different. The appearance of the nipple, a change in the affected cells, can be observed already after a few weeks or months. In some cases, the first lesions on the skin in the groin area and genitals were discovered a year later after being hit by a papilloma virus in the body. If you need to find the time to get the HPV in the body, it is possible, on the basis of the laboratory tests.
Signs of infection with HPV
The symptoms of a HPV infection to cause damage to the genitalia. In the majority of cases, the virus causes characteristic skin lesions. The patients record the vulgar appearance of the papillomas, and genital warts. Out of these growths resemble a cauliflower, and therefore be confused with other skin manifestations is difficult.
In women with papillary growths pale pink color localized:
- in the area of the labia minora;
- in the groin;
- of the clitoris;
- in the vicinity of the external opening of the urethra;
- on the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, the nipples are formed in the anus, if the woman is into anal. The strong growth of these formations, which leads to bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse. Men, such as education, are localized in the pubic area, the crotch, at least – on the surface of the penis.
Vaccination against HPV infection
Also, for those who know how the human papilloma virus, it is not always possible to avoid infection. After the rehabilitation, treatment, and prevention to HPV infection, to prevent development of a recurrence, the doctors that carried out the vaccination against the human papilloma virus. The vaccination prevents the development of viral infection by 15 years of age or older.